| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| A type confusion issue was addressed with improved state handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 27.2, iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, visionOS 27.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected process termination. |
| A resource exhaustion issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Sequoia 15.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.2, visionOS 27.2. A remote attacker may be able to cause a denial-of-service. |
| A use-after-free issue was addressed with improved memory management. This issue is fixed in Safari 27.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, tvOS 27.2, watchOS 27.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to an unexpected process termination. |
| An authorization issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Sequoia 15.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.2, visionOS 27.2. An app may be able to bypass certain Privacy preferences. |
| An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Sequoia 15.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.2, tvOS 27.2, visionOS 27.2. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to heap corruption. |
| An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Sequoia 15.8.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.2, tvOS 27.2, visionOS 27.2. Processing a 3D model may result in disclosure of process memory. |
| The Duplicator WordPress plugin before 5.1.0, duplicator-pro WordPress plugin before 5.1.0 does not sanitise and escape a parameter before reflecting it on one of its administrative pages in certain configurations, leading to Reflected Cross-Site Scripting that executes in the session of a logged-in administrator who is tricked into opening a crafted link. |
| The WP Remote Users Sync WordPress plugin before 2.2.0 does not adequately restrict access to the user export files it writes beneath the public web root, relying on an Apache access-control file that other web servers such as Nginx ignore, which allows an unauthenticated attacker who requests the export's predictable file name while it is present to retrieve the exported users' personal data. |
| An OS command injection vulnerability exists in OnCell G3150A-LTE Series. When the SMS management functionality is enabled and configured, a remote attacker with the required privileges could exploit insufficient input validation in the SMS management functionality to execute arbitrary commands on the affected device. |
| A hard-coded cryptographic key vulnerability exists in the OnCell G3150A-LTE Series. Under certain conditions, an unauthenticated remote attacker could obtain shared cryptographic key material and use it to impersonate affected devices that have not regenerated their cryptographic keys, potentially compromising the confidentiality and integrity of management communications. |
| An improper certificate validation vulnerability exists in Moxa Remote Connect Suite (MRC Client). Under certain conditions, an unauthenticated attacker with on-path access to the communication between the MRC Client and its server could impersonate a trusted server and conduct a man-in-the-middle attack, potentially compromising the confidentiality and integrity of communications. |
| ### Summary
`qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` writes the key of an empty array without encoding it, even though keys are encoded by default. A key that contains `&` (or the configured `delimiter`), `=`, or `#` therefore becomes query string syntax instead of data, so a caller-supplied key name can add parameters to the serialized query string, or cut it short.
### Details
In `lib/stringify.js`, the `allowEmptyArrays` branch returns `adjustedPrefix + '[]'` early, before the code that passes every other key through `encoder` and `formatter`. So `{ "x&k=v": ["1"] }` serializes as `x%26k%3Dv%5B0%5D=1`, but `{ "x&k=v": [] }` serializes as `x&k=v[]`. The early return applies at any depth (`{ "a": { "b&k=v": [] } }` gives `a[b&k=v][]`), under every `arrayFormat`, with `allowDots`, and with a custom `encoder`, which is never called for that key. With `encode: false` or `encodeValuesOnly: true`, keys are intentionally left unencoded on every path; those configurations are not affected.
#### PoC
```js
var qs = require("qs");
var query = qs.stringify({ q: "hi", "x&apiKey=evil&y": [] }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });
// "q=hi&x&apiKey=evil&y[]"
qs.parse(query);
// { q: "hi", x: "", apiKey: "evil", y: [""] }
qs.stringify({ "x#": [], z: "1" }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });
// "x#[]&z=1": in a URL, everything after "#" becomes the fragment
```
#### Fix
Applied in 234d505 on `main` and released as v6.17.0, and backported to v6.16.2, v6.15.4, v6.14.3, v6.13.4, and v6.12.6: the key of an empty array goes through `encoder` and `formatter` exactly as the key of any other value does, so `{ "x&apiKey=evil&y": [] }` now serializes as `x%26apiKey%3Devil%26y[]`. Keys that need no encoding serialize as before, with two exceptions that match every other path: the brackets of a nested key are now encoded (`a[b][]` becomes `a%5Bb%5D[]`, which `qs.parse` reads identically), and with `encodeDotInKeys`, a dot in the key becomes `%252E` instead of `%2E` (which `decodeDotInKeys` previously misread as nesting).
### Affected versions
- `>=6.12.0 <6.12.6`, fixed in v6.12.6
- `>=6.13.0 <6.13.4`, fixed in v6.13.4
- `>=6.14.0 <6.14.3`, fixed in v6.14.3
- `>=6.15.0 <6.15.4`, fixed in v6.15.4
- `>=6.16.0 <6.16.2`, fixed in v6.16.2
v6.17.0 and later are not affected.
`allowEmptyArrays` was introduced in f22b2bc and first shipped in v6.12.0, with this early return. Earlier versions have no `allowEmptyArrays` option and are not affected.
### Impact
An application that passes an object whose key names come from untrusted input to `qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` (for example, to forward a parsed JSON body or user-selected fields to an upstream service) can have parameters injected into the resulting query string. The injected parameters are not keys of the object, so deleting or overwriting a key on the object (such as setting a trusted `apiKey` after copying the user's fields) does not remove them; whether the attacker's value or the application's wins depends on how the receiving side handles a duplicate parameter. A `#` in such a key ends the query string early when the result is placed in a URL. `allowEmptyArrays` is off by default, and only keys whose value (after any `filter`) is an empty array are affected. |
| The PowerPack Addons for Elementor: Widgets, Form Styler and Templates WordPress plugin before 3.1.3 does not validate a user-supplied URL before using it in a server-side HTTP request, which could allow users with the contributor role and above to perform Server-Side Request Forgery attacks against internal and loopback resources and read the response back. |
| Dell PowerProtect Data Domain Management Center, Feature Release versions 7.7.1.0 through 8.8, LTS2024 release versions 7.13.1.0 through 7.13.1.80, LTS2025 release versions 8.3.1.0 through 8.3.1.40, LTS2026 release versions 8.6.1.0 through 8.6.1.20, contain a Missing Authorization vulnerability. A low privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Unauthorized operation. |
| The SEOPress WordPress plugin before 10.4 does not sanitise and escape some of its analytics tracking settings before outputting them in an inline script printed on every front-end page, allowing users granted a SEOPress WordPress plugin before 10.4 capability that an administrator can delegate to lower-privileged roles to perform Stored Cross-Site Scripting attacks that execute in the browser of any site visitor, including a logged-in administrator viewing the front end. |
| An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the QTextCodec TSCII encoding of the Qt 5 Compatibility APIs module (Qt Core in Qt 5 and earlier) impacts Qt. Applications that convert text to the TSCII encoding through QTextCodec may read memory outside the input buffer, which can cause the application to crash or misinterpret the data. |
| The twofactor_gauthenticator plugin for Roundcube is vulnerable to 2fa authentication bypass by spoofed client address headers. Due to the lack of validation of the Client-IP and X-Forwarded-For headers, an attacker who obtains user's password can spoof a whitelisted IP address, resulting in the second factor being bypassed.
This issue was fixed in commit 4640889. |
| The twofactor_gauthenticator plugin for Roundcube is vulnerable to session persistence after failed 2FA verification. Due to the lack of server-side session destruction, an attacker can ignore the logout redirect and keep the session alive. This may allow an attacker who obtains user's password to e.g. brute force the second-factor code.
This issue was fixed in commit 4640889. |
| The twofactor_gauthenticator plugin for Roundcube is vulnerable to brute-forcing of the second-factor code. Due to the lack of rate limiting, an attacker who obtains user's password can submit arbitrary 6-digit codes, resulting in second-factor bypass and unauthorized access to the system.
This issue was fixed in commit 4640889. |
| The Kali Forms — Contact Form & Drag-and-Drop Builder WordPress plugin before 2.4.29 does not prevent users with author-level access and above from storing arbitrary JavaScript in a form button configuration, which is later output into a JavaScript execution context and runs in the browser session of any user who clicks the button, including an administrator. |
